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Microturbines
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“spending
hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of billions of dollars every year for oil,
much of it from the Middle East, is just about the single stupidest thing that
modern society could possibly do. It’s very difficult to think of anything
more idiotic than that.”
For
more information, call/email the
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Microturbines
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Microturbines
What is a "Microturbine"?
Micro-turbines are very similar to the jet engines used on aircraft except a generator is connected to the engine for the purpose of generating electricity. Microturbines, used in the same manner as engine gensets, have smaller-sized rotor-type turbine engines, generating power from 10 kW to over > 500 kW. There are approximately five manufacturers of micro-turbines.
A microturbine's fan blades are used to compress the air or air-fuel mixture which is then combusted generating both electric power and thermal energy. When the thermal energy, or heat of the microturbine is recovered via "waste heat recovery" technologies and used for hot water or steam application, this is then referred to as "cogeneration." Air-conditioning and chilled water can also be generated via waste heat recovery and absorption chillers or adsorption chillers - which is then referred to as "trigeneration."
Microturbines are notoriously inefficient, however, "recuperators" may be added to increase the efficiency of microturbines somewhat.
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Microturbines
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Microturbines
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You Can't Have a Unified Smart Grid Without: Advanced Metering System * Advanced Meters
Automated Demand Response * Automatic Meter Reading * Battery Energy Storage * Decentralized Energy
Demand Side Management * Distributed Energy Resources * Distributed PV * EcoGeneration
High Voltage Direct Current * Plug In Electric Vehicles * Rooftop PV * Solar Cogeneration
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What is the "Unified Smart Grid"?
The Unified Smart Grid is the name used for the future transmission power lines that would carry green electricity from the many solar power plants and solar power parks and wind farms that generate the power, typically in remote areas, to the "load centers" or major cities that would use the green power.
Quite simply, our out-dated and inefficient National Electric Grid, lacks the ability to carry all the new green electricity being planned from hundreds of new solar power parks and wind power generation facilities.
The Unified Smart Grid a national interconnected network relying on a high capacity backbone of electric power transmission lines linking all the nation's local electrical networks that have been upgraded to smart grids. Europe's analogous project is sometimes referred to as the SuperSmart Grid, a term that also appears in the literature describing the Unified Smart Grid.
Cost estimates to rebuild the nation's electric grid as a "Unified Smart Grid" have ranged from $350 billion to $450 billion.
Support for
the unified smart grid came with passage of the Energy Independence and Security Act of
2007. Title 13 of this Act invested $100 million in funding for the
years 2008 – 2012 and establishes a matching program to states, utilities and consumers to build
unified smart grid capabilities. It also creates a Grid Modernization Commission to assess the benefits of demand response
and automated demand response and recommended a set of system protocols and
standards to be led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology which
would coordinate the development of smart grid standards. FERC would then promulgate
these standards and protocols for the unified smart grid through its official
rulemaking capabilities.
The Unified Smart Grid received further support with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009 that set aside $11 billion for the creation of a smart grid.
Building
a Unified
Smart Grid would
help jump-start the renewable
energy investments in solar power
parks. Thousands of megawatts of new solar
power parks (both Concentrating
Solar Power plants and Photovoltaic Power Plants) are being planned. Most
are located in the desert Southwest due to the solar energy resource. A Unified
Smart Grid is
needed to move the large amount of power, which is fairly concentrated, to the
rest of the nation. Without the new Unified
Smart Grid, it
would be impossible to distribute the green power to the nation.
The new Unified Smart Grid is significantly more efficient than the present, nearly 100 year old technology that makes up our present electric power transmission and transmission and distribution network of how we get the power from central power plants to customers and major load centers.
Much of the new Unified Smart Grid will be comprised of "High Voltage Direct Current" transmission lines which is significantly more efficient than the present high voltage alternating current transmission lines.
The new Unified Smart Grid will provide economic development, thousands of new jobs, and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
What would the new Unified Smart Grid look like?
Source: American Electric Power
For
more information on the Unified
Smart Grid, visit one of the following sites:
Central Power
Plant
www.CentralPowerPlant.com
Electricity
Superhighway
www.ElectricitySuperhighway.com
Electric Power
Generation
www.ElectricPowerGeneration.net
Electric Power
Transmission
www.ElectricPowerTransmission.net
High
Voltage Direct Current
www.HighVoltageDirectCurrent.com
National
Electric Grid
www.NationalElectricGrid.com
Transmission
and Distribution
www.TransmissionAndDistribution.net
Unified Smart
Grid
www.UnifiedSmartGrid.com
Wind
Power Generation
www.WindPowerGeneration.com
Engineering Procurement Construction, also referred to as; Engineer Procure Construct, "EPC" or Engineering Procurement and Construction, is the terminology used when an owner, for example, is seeking to build a new cogeneration power plant uses when the owner is seeking a "turnkey" project solution. EPC contracts are not only a very common form of contracting within the construction industry, but increasingly becoming the norm, particularly in the electric power generation (power plants) and utility sector.
The construction company, via the EPC contract with the owner, provides for the design, engineering, procurement of all related supplies, components, materials, labor, services, etc. The contractor, with approval/permit by EPC contract with the owner, may sub-contract part of the work.
What
is Front End Engineering
Design?
Front-end
Engineering Design, also known as Front End
Engineering or
"FEED," is the preliminary engineering and conceptual design completed
in advance of the start of EPC (Engineering, Procurement and
Construction). Front End Engineering usually concludes with the
engineering firm's presentation of an Engineering
Feasibility Study or Analysis.
Front-end
Engineering Design includes a design team that includes and integrates
all or most engineering fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, environmental engineering, civil engineering, power engineering,
chemical engineering, etc. The FEED design team includes the project
visualization and conceptualization stages, including "what-if"
decision making analyses, integrating the client company's goals, objectives
into an efficient and economic engineering solution.
What is Balance of
Plant?
Balance of plant
or "BOP," consists of the remaining systems, components, and structures that comprise a complete power plant or energy system
- not included in the prime mover and waste heat recovery (ex.
gas turbines,
steam turbines,
heat
recovery steam generators (HRSG), waste heat
boilers, etc.) systems. In solar
power parks, BOP is referred to as BOS or balance
of system.
Engineering Procurement and Construction or "EPC" contracts with long-term performance guarantees are becoming increasingly popular for some renewable energy technologies, such as commercial-scale photovoltaic systems.
Engineering Procurement and Construction contracts give the owner unprecedented assurance that the system will provide the long-term energy benefits advertised without wasting time and money with the Architectural and Engineering ("A&E") firm or expensive change orders that take additional time and resources to process and integrate. These performance guarantees cover the entire installation and go way beyond manufacturer warranties that only cover specific parts and not the system as a whole.
EPC and performance guarantee contracts can be a wise choice for many reasons. Oftentimes, the Architectural and Engineering firms do not have the in-house expertise to understand fully how to specify renewable energy systems. Due to the newer nature of these technologies and the rapidly developing nature of many technologies, this is a specialized field of its own for each renewable technology type. If the Architectural and Engineering company specifies particular equipment, while it may be feasible, it may not be the optimal design or the most likely to be available at construction.
EPC contracts also provide more flexibility in equipment choices that can reduce change orders and construction delays. For example, many photovoltaic modules change specifications and dimensions on almost a monthly basis. Even the oldest and most reputable manufacturers are working to keep pace with fierce competition in the field today. Given that the modules are the heart of the photovoltaic system, it reasons that specifying a particular module in the construction documents might result in a change order and result in cost over runs and delays by actual construction.
In an EPC contract with a performance guarantee, the contractor has a strong financial incentive to use the most reliable and highest performing equipment and to ensure the highest standards are maintained throughout installation and that any details that could influence long-term performance are addressed. Practices ranging from cherry picking the highest output modules to over-sizing wiring and conduit to improved operations and maintenance (O&M) plans might not be necessary for inspection or commissioning but can contribute to meeting the contractor's long-term performance liability. These same practices in turn enhance the long-term energy performance to the greater benefit of the facility and those that operate it.
Performance guarantee contracts attract top renewable energy contractors with long-term success in their fields. Less capable or experienced contractors will not savor the extra liability involved, nor will they have the expertise or even access to the top quality equipment necessary to fulfill a performance guarantee.
Certain provisions should be included with any EPC contract to ensure coordination and consistency with the remainder of the project. All contracts and subcontracts related to the project should include provisions requiring participation in the integrated design process including coordination of design with other related aspects of the project.
The EPC contractor needs to work with the Architectural and Engineering firm to understand the building elements that are necessary to the integration of the renewable energy system. In addition, an EPC contract needs provisions to ensure coordination with the larger project construction team. While coordination is important, this type of design and construction contract allows the contractors to do what they do best and frees more of the agency's critical planning resources for other aspects of the project.
Additional provisions standard with other construction contract terms should also be included in the EPC contract. These include requiring the team to perform enhanced commissioning over the first year and developing an O&M manual and training for the system.
Through a combination of EPC contracts combined with long-term performance guarantees, the construction relationship is transformed from being sometimes adversarial to being a win/win situation for everyone involved.
Engineering Procurement
Construction and
Front End Engineering Design (FEED)
and
Project Development Services
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What are "renewable energy resources?"
"Renewable energy resources" include;
Solar Power & Energy (for homes and businesses)
What is
"carbon free energy?"
"Carbon free energy" is energy that is produced or generated without producing any carbon dioxide emissions. Even nuclear power plants generate "carbon free energy" along with the following;
Clean Coal Technologies (with Carbon Capture and Sequestration)
Coal Fired Power Plants (with Carbon Capture and Sequestration)
Solar Desalination (Clean Water and Clean Power!)
Energy Efficiency Measures and Energy Conservation Measures such as Automated Demand Response and Demand Side Management and Energy Efficient Lighting, while not "generating" carbon free energy, provides significant increases in efficiencies, thereby reducing the overall need for energy, which may come from central power plants that are very inefficient and generate significant amounts of carbon dioxide emissions.
Even nuclear power plants generate "carbon free energy." These are just some examples of carbon-free renewable energy. The purpose of all these methods is to combat the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and reduce our impact on the environment as a whole.
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What is "
Decentralized Energy"?Decentralized Energy is the opposite of "centralized energy." Decentralized Energy energy generates the power and energy that a residential, commercial or industrial customer needs, onsite. Examples of decentralized energy production are solar energy systems and solar trigeneration energy systems.
Today's electric utility industry was "born" in the 1930's, when fossil fuel prices were cheap, and the cost of wheeling the electricity via transmission power lines, was also cheap. "Central" power plants could be located hundreds of miles from the load centers, or cities, where the electricity was needed. These extreme inefficiencies and cheap fossil fuel prices have added a considerable economic and environmental burden to the consumers and the planet.
Centralized energy is found in the form of electric utility companies that generate power from "central" power plants. Central power plants are highly inefficient, averaging only 33% net system efficiency. This means that the power coming to your home or business - including the line losses and transmission inefficiencies of moving the power - has lost 75% to as much as 80% energy it started with at the "central" power plant. These losses and inefficiencies translate into significantly increased energy expenses by the residential and commercial consumers.
Decentralized Energy is the Best Way to Generate Clean and Green Energy!How we make and distribute electricity is changing!
The electric power generation, transmission and distribution system (the electric "grid") is changing and evolving from the electric grid of the 19th and 20th centuries, which was inefficient, highly-polluting, very expensive and “dumb.”
The "old" way of generating and distributing
energy resembles this slide:
The electric grid of the 21st century (see slide below) will be Decentralized, Smart, Efficient and provide "carbon free energy" and “pollution free power” to customers who remain on the electric grid. The electric grid of the future will be comprised of both Onsite Power Generation plants and "utility scale power plants" that are fueled/powered with Biomass Gasification, Biomethane, Concentrating Solar Power, B100 Biodiesel, Distributed PV, EcoGeneration Systems, Geothermal Power Plants, Synthesis Gas, Rooftop PV, Solar Cogeneration, Solar Energy Systems, Solar Power Parks, Solar Trigeneration and Wind Power Generation - located at Residential, Commercial, Industrial and City/Municipal Locations.
Some customers will choose to dis-connect from the grid entirely. (Electric grid represented by the small light blue circles in the slide below.)
The
transmission grid will be upgraded to a "Unified
Smart Grid" with green electrons now being wheeled via "High
Voltage Direct Current."
Typical "central" power plants and the electric utility companies that own them will either be shut-down, closed or go out of business due to one or more of the following: failed business model, inordinate expenses related to central power plants that are inefficient, excessive pollution/emissions, high costs, continued reliance on the use of fossil fuels to generate energy, and the failure to provide efficient, carbon free energy and pollution free power.
Carbon free energy and pollution free power reduces our dependence on foreign oil and makes us Energy Independent while reducing and eliminating Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
* Some of the above information from the Department of Energy website with permission.
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America's
"Clear and Present Danger" America
Has INCREASED its' Dependence on Foreign America
is even more "addicted" to foreign oil today, than we were in 1973 -
1974 when OPEC, Saudi Arabia and other suppliers from the Middle-East
stopped selling us their fossil fuels, and created a significant blow to our
economy.
PRODUCES:
7,460,000 bbls of oil CONSUMES:
20,800,000 bbls of oil Simply
put, about 65% of the gasoline in your car's gas tank, comes from a foreign
country. EVERY
day, the U.S. must IMPORT over 13 million bbls of oil from foreign
countries and foreign suppliers to meet demand. This
is NOT acceptable. America
needs to quickly transition to Energy Independence. Renewable
Energy is the Only Way America Can Achieve Energy Independence.
Millions
of new and sustainable American jobs would be created here at home, if we would
end our addiction to foreign fossil fuels, and quickly transition to an economy
based on renewable energy and renewable fuels, produced here in the U.S.A. The good news is that today,
America already has all of the Renewable
Energy Resources and Renewable
Energy Technologies needed to make American Energy Independence a
reality.
According
to Monty Goodell, Founder and Chairman of the Renewable
Energy Institute, "our increased dependence and reliance on foreign
energy supplies represents a Clear
and Present Danger to our national security, our economy, and the lives and
livelihood of every American. Energy - including the energy we use from
imported fossil fuels, is the very "lifeblood" of the American economy
as it is for every industrialized country. An economy dies without it's
lifeblood of energy. This Clear
and Present Danger we face is far more serious than the problems related to greenhouse
gas emissions. And while greenhouse
gas emissions are very serious issue, in the long-term, pales in comparison
to America's vital national security interests and America's economic stability
in the short term. For this reason alone, America needs to transition away
from its addiction to foreign energy supplies. And America's abundant renewable energy
resources such as the energy we receive from the sun, and renewable
energy technologies such as concentrated
solar power (CSP) plants - can supply 100% of America's power
requirements with a concentrating solar
power plant measuring 75 miles by 75 miles, located in the Southwest
U.S. By generating America's power from concentrating
solar power plants, America resolves its' short-term Clear
and Present Danger as it relates to importing its energy from foreign
countries, and the long-term problems relating to greenhouse
gas emissions." Continuing,
Mr. Goodell states that "too many Americans have forgotten what happened to
us in
1973, when the Arabs and OPEC brought the United States economy to a screeching halt
during the OPEC Oil Embargo. This happened because they (mainly the
country of Saudi Arabia)
disagreed with our foreign policy and is the reason why they "turned off the tap" of
our need for their oil supplies. When Saudi Arabia and OPEC
stopped the vital flow of oil to our country in 1973, they caused an "oil shock"
that severely and negatively impacted our economy. Mr.
Goodell's question for us to ponder is, "do these countries who sell us 60%
of our daily energy requirements, like us and our foreign policy, or might they
leverage our addiction to their fossil fuels, and turn off the tap to make us
adjust or revise our foreign policy?? Like any addict, America's foreign
policy may be held hostage to its addiction, and in this case, our addiction to
foreign oil, may over-ride our national interests."
Have
American's forgotten the gas shortages and long lines at "Apparently
so." Mr. Goodell states that "in 1973, America was 'addicted'
and 'over the barrel' of foreign oil to the amount of 40%. Forty percent
of our energy 'needs' in 1973 came from countries - many of which didn't like us
then, and I'm afraid, many of them still don't. The difference between
1973 and today - is that today we receive 50% MORE foreign oil now than we did
in 1973. And now we know about the problems relating to greenhouse
gas emissions that we didn't know then. America needs to change
course, and change course now, in terms of its' energy supplies and how we keep
America's economy strong, without the threat of being held hostage to a
middle-east tyrant or regime, that could once again, turn on us, and turn off
our supply of foreign oil."
Remember
???? "Let
me Repeat.... That
was 1973 when we imported 40% of our daily energy requirements in the form of
crude oil from overseas, and from foreign countries - and many of these from
countries that don't like us. Today,
over 35 years later, America has yet to learn the lesson. We cannot
continue our reliance on energy from foreign countries that supply us with
60% of the crude oil that our refineries use as a feedstock for producing
gasoline and diesel fuel for our cars and trucks comes from overseas. America
is "over the barrel" and it's not our barrel, but the barrels of oil
that we are addicted by and owned by other countries. Why have we not
learned the lessons we needed to learn in 1973 when we were cut-off from the
vital energy supplies we need? Countries
like China, are growing rapidly, and have an insatiable need for crude oil.
China, with their booming economy, is increasingly growing in its clout and
control over international supplies of crude oil - whether they do this through
their ability to buy as much oil as they need on a daily basis, or whether they
simply but American drilling rigs, technology, and explore and produce oil and gas from their own fields. China, is buying large amounts of oil for their country, and causing
upward pricing on declining supplies. What happens if Russia, with all of their
oil and natural gas, along with China and Venezuela, with or without the help of
OPEC, decided to NOT sell oil to us???? To
be sure, greenhouse
gas emissions are a problem, and to some, greenhouse
gas emissions are also a Clear
and Present Danger, but not to the extent that it presents an imminent Clear
and Present Danger. America's
reliance for 60% of our energy "needs" coming from foreign suppliers
is un-acceptable. The
"driver" to get America to begin reducing and eliminating fossil fuel
use should be our nation's national security and the welfare and safety of its
citizens. And this can all begin with developing and investing in our own renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies, let's start by putting solar on every rooftop that has
a clear and unobstructed view of the Southern sky. See www.RooftopPV.com
or www.DistributedPV.com
for more information. Let's create incentives begin with adopting a
national "Feed In Tariff" as
Germany did in 1990. We simply do NOT have the luxury of time on our hands. We need to end our
dependence and reliance on foreign fossil fuels, especially from countries that
don't like us! We need to rapidly begin expanding renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies from our vast and abundant renewable energy resources,
such as; solar, solar energy
systems, solar cogeneration,
solar trigeneration,
"solar on every roof," along with; Biomass
Gasification, B100 Biodiesel, Biomethane,
E100
Ethanol (from cellulosic, agricultural waste, sugar cane, etc., and NOT from
corn), Geothermal Power Plants,
Natural Wastewater Treatment,
Synthesis Gas, Waste
To Energy, Waste To Fuel and Wind
Power Generation where it makes economic and environmental sense."
For more information, call/email the
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Are
you doing your part to prevent Climate Change and End America's
Reliance on Foreign Energy?
Our following EcoGeneration
technologies, including;
Biomethane, B100
Biodiesel and Synthesis Gas Fuels
Generated from our "Waste to Fuel"
technologies, are Carbon Free Energy
and Pollution Free Power
solutions that will:
* forever change the way energy is generated and used.
*
eliminate or greatly reduce our customer's electric demand charges and electric
expenses.
* slow, stop and eventually reverse climate change by reducing and then
eliminating anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions - of which carbon
dioxide emissions makes up 80% of all greenhouse
gas emissions. *
reduce the need for inefficient and expensive central power plants owned by
utility companies. *
end America's dependence on oil from OPEC and other countries in the
Middle-East, Venezuela and end our need for importing natural gas from Russia. _________________________________________________________
We
support the
Sources of Energy by 50% Since 1973.
According
to the CIA Fact Book, Every Day, the U.S.
This
Means that 65% of America's Energy Supplies are Now Imported from Suppliers
from Foreign Countries.
At
$80/barrel of oil, this also means that $1,040,000,000.00 American Dollars leave
our country, EVERY DAY, to foreign countries/suppliers of our fossil fuels, to
pay for the energy we need.
That's
$1 Billion EVERY day leaving our economy, and going to support a foreign
country's economy.
Talk
about our foreign trade deficit..... nearly $400 Billion each year, leaves our
country to pay for our oil addiction and the energy we need. To be exact,
that's $379,600,000,000.00 American Dollars.
their gas stations to get
gas during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973?
"Sadly,
Renewable Energy Institute
* reduce and eventually eliminate the use of coal and other fossil fuels.
* promote energy independence.
The
Renewable Energy Institute is "Changing The Way The World Does Energy by Providing Research & Development, Funding and Resources That Creates Sustainable Energy via 'Carbon Free Energy' and 'Pollution Free Power' Through Expanding the use of Renewable Energy Technologies."
www.RenewableEnergyInstitute.org
Email: info(@)Renewable Energy Institute (.)org
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